GLP-1s have been praised as a transformative treatment for individuals seeking to lose weight and improve their relationship with food. However, like any medication, they come with potential side effects. “As a family physician, I often observe patients experiencing certain common side effects when starting GLP-1 medications like semaglutide or liraglutide,” explains Dr. Elizabeth Kazarian, a family physician in Arlington, VA. “Although these side effects can be bothersome, they are typically manageable with appropriate guidance and adjustments.”
Dr. Rekha Kumar, an endocrinologist in New York, notes that digestive issues are among the most prevalent side effects, particularly in the initial weeks of treatment as the body adapts. “For most individuals, these issues are temporary, and with proper clinical support and a gradual dosing approach, they often diminish quickly, allowing individuals to stay on track with their health goals.” Additionally, Dr. Kumar points out that with lower-dose strategies like microdosing, which many proactive patients opt for, these effects are usually milder.
Below, we have outlined some of the common side effects along with expert-recommended solutions. It is important to remember that individual responses to these medications vary, and it is essential to consult with your doctor before initiating or modifying a GLP-1 regimen, according to Dr. Kazarian. “Your care should be tailored to your specific health objectives.” Dr. Kumar agrees, emphasizing that at Found, where he serves as a medical advisor, each patient receives personalized guidance. “You are never navigating this journey alone.”
Featured Experts
- Dr. Elizabeth Kazarian is a board-certified family physician in Arlington, VA
- Dr. Rekha Kumar is a board-certified endocrinologist in New York
Pro Tip: What and How You Eat Can Affect Your GLP-1 Side Effects
“How you eat is just as crucial as what you eat when it comes to GLP-1s,” emphasizes Dr. Kumar. He suggests focusing on whole, unprocessed foods. “Consuming smaller portions, eating slowly, and avoiding heavy or fried foods can significantly impact how you feel, especially during the initial stages or on dosing days.”
“Protein also plays a vital role when using GLP-1s—it helps maintain stable energy levels, preserves muscle mass, and promotes satiety without discomfort,” adds Dr. Kumar. However, he cautions against excessive protein consumption. “Most women do not need to reach the levels advocated by many wellness influencers. Equally important to protein intake is incorporating ample fiber from fruits and vegetables and ensuring adequate hydration,” notes Dr. Kumar. “These factors are fundamental for metabolic health, irrespective of GLP-1 usage.”
The Most Common GLP-1 Side Effects
Nausea
Dr. Kazarian identifies nausea as a prevalent side effect, particularly in the initial weeks or during dose adjustments. “To alleviate nausea, I recommend patients consume smaller meals, avoid greasy or rich foods, and gradually increase the dosage,” advises Dr. Kazarian. Dr. Kumar echoes similar advice, suggesting that sticking to simple, nutritious foods and spreading meals evenly throughout the day can help manage nausea.
Digestive Issues
Dr. Kazarian notes that constipation is a common complaint, although some individuals may experience diarrhea instead. “Hydration and fiber are crucial for managing constipation—I recommend aiming for 25 to 30 grams of fiber daily through fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, or a fiber supplement if necessary,” says Dr. Kazarian. “Light physical activity, such as walking, can also aid digestion.” In cases of diarrhea, Dr. Kazarian suggests sticking to a bland diet and avoiding caffeine or spicy foods for relief.
Appetite Loss
“Feeling full sooner or experiencing reduced appetite is not necessarily a side effect—it reflects how the medication supports your metabolism,” explains Dr. Kumar. However, Dr. Kazarian points out that while decreased appetite is expected and often desirable, it can become excessive in some instances. If appetite loss is severe, she recommends focusing on nutrient-dense meals like smoothies, soups, and high-protein snacks.
Fatigue
Dr. Kazarian mentions that fatigue or low energy levels may occur, especially if a patient is not consuming enough calories or staying hydrated. Addressing hydration and caloric intake can often improve fatigue, she notes. “Some individuals may experience mild fatigue or heartburn, particularly after rich meals, underscoring the importance of nutrition,” adds Dr. Kumar. “Maintaining hydration and following a consistent eating schedule are crucial—they help prevent fatigue and maintain steady energy levels.”