Taking care of Betta fish involves following a set of proven guidelines. Unfortunately, there has been a lot of misinformation circulating over the years, leading to the premature death of many beautiful Bettas.
In this comprehensive Betta fish care guide, we aim to debunk the inaccurate information commonly found on forums and social media, providing you with the most detailed and accurate advice on keeping Betta fish as pets. Let’s dive in!
Choosing a Healthy Betta Fish
The first step in successful Betta fish care is starting with a healthy fish. While experienced keepers may be able to rehabilitate an unhealthy fish, for most beginners, starting with a healthy fish is crucial. If you want to begin on the right foot, start with a Betta fish in optimal health.
Luckily, selecting a healthy Betta fish doesn’t have to be complicated. Betta fish are usually displayed individually in small tanks in fish shops, making it easy to assess the health of each fish compared to community fish kept together in one tank.
Key elements to look for in a healthy fish:
Smooth body shape: Check the Betta fish’s body for all scales and ensure they are intact. Missing scales could indicate poor care and make the fish susceptible to pathogens or parasites. Inspect the fish thoroughly from both sides.
Also, make sure the scales lie flat against the body, giving a smooth and aerodynamic appearance rather than a prickly one.
Bright coloration: Betta fish are known for their vibrant colors. Choosing a colorful specimen can indicate good health, with males usually being more colorful than females.
Activity levels: Unlike some other fish, Betta fish may not swim continuously. It’s normal for healthy Bettas to rest at times. Compare the activity levels of different Betta fish and select one that is more active.
Balanced posture: Watch out for Betta fish that appear swollen or have difficulty swimming. A fish that swims at an angle or floats on its side should be avoided.
Clear eyes: Bright, healthy eyes are often a sign of good health.
Undamaged fins: Betta fish are known for their beautiful fins, which can become damaged due to improper care. It’s best to choose a fish with healthy, complete fins to ensure their overall well-being.
Signs of an unhealthy fish to watch out for:
Extended scales: Some Betta fish diseases can cause the fish’s scales to extend, giving a rough appearance. Avoid fish with this issue.
Visible physical body damage: Fish with cuts, grazes, fungus patches, or missing scales are not recommended for new fish keepers.
Inactivity: Less active Betta fish are more likely to be suffering from health conditions.
Swollen body: A swollen body shape may indicate swim bladder problems or other health issues.
Difficulties swimming: Betta fish with luxurious fins, especially males, may struggle to swim in fast-moving water. Watch how they move and avoid fish that struggle to swim.
Cloudy or glazed eyes: Dull or cloudy eyes are a sign of poor health.
Damaged or torn fins: Damaged fins can lead to infections and shorten the fish’s lifespan. Carefully check all fins for damage before making a decision.
Underweight: Betta fish are naturally lean, but avoid fish that appear underweight with visible bones or ribs.
Setting Up Your Betta Fish Tank
After selecting a healthy Betta fish from your local pet store, the next important step is setting up their tank correctly. It’s advisable to purchase the tank and equipment a few weeks before bringing your Betta fish home.
Set up the tank as if you were about to introduce your fish and let it cycle for a week or more before adding your fish. This waiting period helps to stabilize water chemistry and allows you to monitor conditions like temperature and nitrate levels.
Factors to consider when setting up a Betta fish tank:
Betta Fish Tanks
When choosing a Betta tank, consider the following elements:
Size & Dimensions
Previously, Betta fish were kept in small tanks, but nowadays, experienced keepers recommend a minimum of 5 gallons for a single Betta fish. A 10-gallon tank is a more common size, while larger tanks are needed if introducing other fish.
A standard oblong tank works well as it provides hiding spots for shy Betta fish and a clear front and back for fish to move around comfortably.
Ensure the tank has a securely-fitting lid to prevent Betta fish from jumping out and to retain warmth in the tank.
Consider the space needed for electrical equipment like filters, heaters, and lights when choosing a tank.
Shape
Betta fish appreciate places to hide, so an oblong tank with room for plants and rocks to create hiding spots is ideal. Avoid circular tanks that may make fish feel exposed.
Securely-Fitting Lid
To prevent Betta fish from jumping out of the tank and to retain warmth, ensure the tank has a lid that fits securely.
Electrical Equipment
Install a filter, aquarium heater, and possibly an aquarium light in your tank. Ensure there is enough space for these components and check their compatibility with the tank size.
Pre-made aquarium kits can simplify the process by providing a tank and equipment that work together seamlessly.
Appearance
Select a Betta fish tank that visually appeals to you and complements your home decor. Avoid using non-aquarium decor items that may affect water quality.
Note: Keeping Betta fish in a goldfish bowl is not ideal; an aquarium is the best option for their health and well-being.
Essential Equipment – Filters & Heaters
After choosing your Betta fish tank, consider how to maintain suitable environmental conditions with the following equipment:
Aquarium Filter
An aquarium filter helps keep the water clean and healthy for your Betta fish. Consider the size, processing capacity, and flow rate of the filter to ensure it suits your tank size and Betta fish needs.
Aquarium Heaters for Betta Fish
An aquarium heater is essential to maintain the proper water temperature for Betta fish. Choose a heater designed for small tanks and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for installation and operation.
Water Temperature
Betta fish thrive in warm, tropical waters, so maintaining a constant temperature between 78-82’F is crucial. Use a reliable aquarium thermometer to monitor the temperature and ensure the heater is functioning correctly.
Substrate
Choose between gravel and sand as substrate for your Betta fish tank. Gravel allows beneficial bacteria to grow and is easy to clean, while sand is gentle on fish fins and looks attractive in the tank. Consider the pros and cons of each substrate option before making a decision.
Tank Decor – Plants & Other Decoration
Tank decor plays a crucial role in providing hiding spots and visual appeal for Betta fish. Consider adding wood, stones, rocks, caves, plants, and floating decor to create a comfortable environment for your fish.
Light Levels
While Betta fish are diurnal, they do not require bright sunlight. LED aquarium lights are a good option for showcasing your fish and enhancing the tank’s appearance. Use a timer to regulate the light cycle and provide a natural day/night rhythm for your Betta fish.
Tank Mates
Consider adding compatible tank mates like snails, shrimp, small community fish, small catfish, or algae-eating plecos to your Betta fish tank. Introduce them gradually to ensure a harmonious environment for all fish.
Setting Up Your Betta Fish Tank
Once you have all the necessary equipment, set up your Betta fish tank by following these steps:
Select a Location
Choose a suitable location away from direct sunlight, drafts, and heating sources for your tank. Place the tank on a polystyrene tile for insulation and stability.
Add Substrate
Add gravel or sand to the tank, ensuring it is clean and free of debris. Consider the needs of your fish and any equipment like undergravel filters.
Fill With Water
Add dechlorinated aquarium water to the tank, leaving some air space at the top. Use a plate or bowl to prevent disturbing the substrate while filling the tank.
Add Electrical Equipment
Install the filter and heater according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Add an aquarium thermometer to monitor temperature levels.
Add Tank Decor
Decorate the tank with rocks, wood, plants, and other decorations to create a visually appealing and stimulating environment for your Betta fish.
Top Up With Water
Fill the tank to the desired level, leaving room for fish movement and oxygen exchange.
Add Your Lid
Place a lid on the tank to prevent contamination and test the lights.
Leave to Acclimate
Let the tank cycle for a week or two to ensure everything is functioning properly. Monitor water temperature, plant growth, and water chemistry during this acclimation period.
Introducing Your Betta Fish
Acclimate your Betta fish gradually to the tank by floating the bag in the water and slowly introducing tank water. Monitor your fish closely in the first few days to ensure they are adapting well to their new environment.
Continue to monitor water temperature, water chemistry, and fish behavior to maintain a healthy environment for your Betta fish.
Feeding Your Betta Fish
Provide your Betta fish with a high-protein diet consisting of Betta fish pellets and invertebrates like bloodworms, brine shrimp, and daphnia. Feed your fish twice a day and remove any uneaten food to prevent water contamination.
Ongoing Betta Tank Maintenance
Regular maintenance is essential to keep your Betta fish tank clean and your fish healthy. Use an aquarium vacuum to clean the gravel, an algae scraper to remove algae, and consider introducing beneficial tank mates to help with tank cleaning. Perform regular water changes, clean your filter in old aquarium water, and monitor water temperature and chemistry to ensure optimal conditions for your Betta fish.
Observing your Betta fish regularly and seeking veterinary advice if any health issues arise will help you maintain a thriving and happy Betta fish tank.